Wednesday, 19 August 2015

A TOMB FOR DARA SHIKOH




356 years ago, at the end of August 1659, Aurangzeb’s eldest brother Dara was tried in the `Diwan I Khas’ of the Red Fort by the qazis and executed for the crime of blasphemy. He was declared to be a heretic and beheaded and stripped of all his rights as a Muslim. His headless body was then unceremoniously buried in the huge vault below Humayun’s tomb without a shroud or any funeral rituals or prayers. Dara had been Emperor Shah Jahan’s eldest and favorite son who had not only been a scholar of Arabic and Persian but also of Sanskrit. 

In my new novel Ocean of Cabras the narrator recounts… “awe gripped the imperial court when prince Dara had confounded both the mullahs and Brahmins by propounding the astonishing idea that a great shining golden river of common faith ran through both Islam and the faiths of the Hindus. The Maulvis had earlier been aghast when he had started to add Sanskrit to the Persian, Turki and Arabic languages that he had earlier mastered but were alarmed when he had started listening to groups of learned Brahmin scholars that he had summoned. They were not too disturbed when he released the first Persian translations  Upanishads and the Bhagavad-Gita that earlier had only been in the secret libraries of a few Brahmin priests but they were appalled when he had the audacity to declare that this heretic philosophy was none other than the `Sirr i-Akbar - the great secret, which he suggested, was none other than the `Kitab-al-Muknum’ or the hidden book mentioned in the fifty-sixth chapter of the holy Quran itself.

Dara had believed that Allah, known by many different names to the different people of the world, loved all his creations and had sent his messages and messengers to all the people of the world in their times of trouble to lead them to Jannat (heaven). He believed that it was the bigoted priests of every faith, who could not see beyond what had been taught to them, who refused to accept that Allah was a loving and merciful god for all of mankind. He believed that the priests of all religions were the real creators of Shaitan (devil) and of Jehannum (Hell) and it was they who used the power of fear and hatred to persecute those who differed with their narrow beliefs. Dara had believed that loving surrender to Allah and to all his creations was the path to heavenly bliss for all humanity. How was anyone to know that this simple and lofty idea, that could do injury to no one, was to anger many Muslims especially his puritanical younger brother who was already burning with envy at Dara’s popularity?”

Many years later while Aurangzeb was in the Deccan fighting the Marathas during the last 29 years of his life their eldest sister Jahanara is believed to have built a cenotaph to honour Dara on the platform of the great monument. She may have also built two other cenotaphs near it for their youngest brother Murad who Aurangzeb had also executed at Gwalior. Another cenotaph might have been for Dara’s valiant son Sikander Shikoh who had been slowly poisioned with poshta at Gwalior.


Ocean of Cobras explores the lives of many fascinating Mughals in the cusp between the golden age of Shah Jahan and the gloomy 49 years under Aurangzeb that really marked the end of a great empire.

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